Despite the development of new technologies in the field of heating, a conventional wood-fired brick stove remains the main source of heat in many private and country houses, garages and various outbuildings. But the construction of even a simple heating stove costs money - the homeowner needs to buy materials and pay for the services of a master stove-maker. To save on construction, we offer to fold a brick oven with your own hands. Below we will tell you how to build it correctly, provide drawings and masonry schemes-orders.
Furnace design selection
There are countless designs for wood-fired brick ovens, and experienced craftsmen constantly come up with new designs. It will be difficult for the owner of the house, who decided to build a brick stove, to choose a suitable heater. Therefore, first give clear answers to the following questions:
- What tasks should the brick stove in your house solve, will it only be heating, or will it be necessary to cook food and heat water with it?
- How much space are you ready to allocate for the construction of the stove when building a new house?
- If a summer house or a house has already been erected, then you need to think about the location of the heater and the passage of the ceilings with a chimney. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the construction of a separate foundation.
- Decide on the design in advance, you might want to build a fireplace stove with panoramic glass.
Tip. At first, a beginner should not take up the laying of a serious brick stove in the house, but first, to put something simple and small in the yard - a barbecue or barbecue, the benefit of such projects has been published quite a lot. Having trained and stuffed your hand, you will understand the nuances of this work and start building your home heater more confidently.
Of course, it is unlikely that an ignorant person will be able to build a beautiful stove with built-in panoramic glass right away. But you can always invite a stove-maker to carry out these works and consultations. As a rule, these people are friendly, because the construction of a hearth should always be approached with a soul. As for the choice of the project, there are 3 simple options for your attention:
- conventional 2-burner hob with a tank for heating water;
- Dutch heating stove;
- classic heating stove.
The technology for building the original rocket stove is presented in our separate guide.
Hob with water boiler
This furnace has dimensions of 890 x 510 mm and is intended for cooking with simultaneous heating of water in a tank placed on the path of flue gases leaving the furnace. The total heat transfer of the stove is 1.2 kW when laying firewood twice a day. Below this furnace is presented in the drawings in the context:
Such a small-sized brick oven, built by yourself, is quite simple in execution and will take up little space in the kitchen. Subsequently, a heating shield can be attached to it in order to take away more heat from the flue gases. The masonry diagram below shows the order of the furnace:
To fold the hob yourself, you need to purchase the following materials and stove accessories in advance:
- full ceramic brick - 185 pcs.;
- a cast iron stove for 2 burners measuring 530 x 180;
- grates 250 x 250 (cast iron or steel grate);
- firebox door 250 x 210, ash pan 130 x 140, revision 130 x 140;
- equal-angle corner 30 x 4 - 3.6 m;
- oven 320 x 270 x 400;
- water tank 150 x 350 x 450.
Note. Hereinafter, the dimensions of accessories and materials are indicated in millimeters.
Also, for laying under the stove, roofing steel and sheet asbestos 115 x 64 cm in size will be required, and for laying in front of the stove on the floor, a sheet of metal 50 x 70 cm is needed.
Channel stove Dutch
This classic canal-type heating stove is really from Holland. Its advantages are simplicity and undemanding to the quality of materials, and even the body of the stove can be increased arbitrarily high and thus heat rooms on two floors. In addition, the Dutch can be safely considered a mini-oven, since it occupies a small area.
The manufacture of the simplest Dutch stove for 3 channels, shown below in the drawing, for an experienced master will not be very difficult. The newcomer will have to work hard to make high-quality masonry with dimensions in terms of 1010 x 510 mm, going to a height of more than 2 m plus a chimney. But first, it is proposed to familiarize yourself with the masonry diagram of this brick kiln and the procedures:
For construction, the following materials will be required:
- solid ceramic brick - 390 pcs.;
- grates 250 x 250 (cast iron or steel grate);
- firebox door 250 x 210, ash pan 140 x 140, revision 140 x 140;
- metal valve 130 x 130;
- asbestos sheet 1000 x 500;
- the same sheet of roofing steel.
Heating and cooking stove
The design of this heat source is already more complex, although the stove resembles the same Dutchwoman. Its dimensions are 650 x 510 mm, and the developed thermal power is about 1.5 kW. By the name of the brick oven - heating and cooking - it is easy to understand that it is intended both for heating rooms in the house, and for cooking. The construction scheme is shown in the figure:
An important point. If you carefully study the scheme, you can understand that the summer mode of operation in this simple design is not provided.
This means that cooking in the summer on the stove will be hot if it is located in the house. You have to cook in another way or choose a more suitable heat source design. The homeowner, whom the given fact does not bother, is offered a list of materials and procedures in order to successfully lay the brick stove:
- solid ceramic brick - 211 pcs.;
- cast iron stove for 1 burner measuring 360 x 410;
- grates 250 x 250;
- firebox door 250 x 210, ash pan 130 x 140, revision 130 x 140, ventilation 130 x 75;
- equal-angle corner 32 x 4 - 300 mm;
- gate valve 140 x 140;
- knitting wire with a diameter of 1.5 - 5 m.
From which brick to lay the stove
The main building material for the construction of the kiln is red ceramic brick grade 150, made from fired clay. Its standard dimensions are 250 x 120 x 65 mm, although in the past, other stones were also produced for the furnace business. But now all the dimensions are unified, so that the fireclay (refractory) brick, from which the stove’s firebox is often laid out, is the same in size as usual.
In construction, stone 88 mm high is still used, but it is not suitable for laying masonry, since it has cavities. Here, only a full-bodied stone is required, without voids and cracks, of good quality. True, there is 1 exception - the Dutch stove, it can be put out of used bricks. But it is not worth bringing to the point of absurdity, the heat source, made of cobblestones, will definitely not be heated.
The fact is that a do-it-yourself heating and cooking stove made of low-quality red brick can crack even at the stage of drying the masonry mortar. It should be noted that the clay solution dries, and does not harden, like cement. Therefore, beginners are not recommended to experiment with bad or used brick, otherwise the newly built stove will immediately require repair.
A separate recommendation relates to masonry mortar. At first you should not go to the nearest ravine for clay, because it still needs to be brought to the correct condition. Better buy a ready-made building mixture for laying stoves, clay or fireclay.
How to build a furnace
In the vast majority of cases, construction begins with laying the foundation for a future heat source.An exception may be street mini-ovens, which due to their low weight are sometimes put directly on the concrete screed of the yard. All others, regardless of location, should be built on a solid foundation. Moreover, it is not allowed that the foundation of the furnace is connected with the base of the house or arranged close to it, it is necessary to leave a gap of at least 5 cm, and preferably 10.
Important. Failure to do so may lead to the fact that after a year or two, the stove may crack and even deviate from the vertical.
If the house has a good foundation in the form of a cement screed, and the total weight of the furnace does not exceed 750 kg, then the foundation is not required, the laying can start right from the screed, after laying sheets of asbestos and roofing steel. The constructions presented in the previous section have a weight of more than 750 kg, and therefore it is necessary to arrange a reliable foundation for them. There are 2 types of foundations for a furnace: rubble and reinforced concrete.
Regardless of the type of foundation, you first need to dig a hole whose dimensions exceed the area of the furnace by 10 cm in each direction. Depth depends on the thickness of the upper layer of chernozem or other subsiding soil, while the sole of the foundation must rest on a denser layer. In the first case, the foundation pit is laid with rubble stone with dressing, using a solution of the following components:
- sand - 6 parts;
- cement - 1 part;
- lime mixed with water - 1 part.
All voids between the stones are also filled with this solution, and the upper part, located at a depth of 80 mm from the floor, is leveled with it. The reinforced concrete base is poured with formwork and reinforcing mesh, after having poured a pillow of crushed stone 10 cm thick at the bottom of the pit.
Important. After the mortar or concrete has hardened, it is necessary to lay a waterproofing barrier from roofing material in 2 layers on top of the foundation.
The laying of the furnace is carried out in accordance with the procedures, observing the thickness of the joints within 3 ... 5 mm. A few recommendations:
- After laying each row, it is necessary to monitor compliance with the vertical and horizontal using a plumb line and a building level.
- The mortar on the brick can be applied with a trowel or manually, light tapping of the stone after putting into place is allowed.
- The remainder of the solution is cleaned on both sides of the wall, and the inside is wiped with a wet cloth to create a smoother surface. This is necessary in order to provide the least resistance to flue gases.
- When installing accessories and water tanks, it is important to ensure that there are no gaps between the masonry and the metal surface, the joints should be carefully filled with mortar, otherwise the stove will smoke.
- At the end of construction, it is necessary to withstand 2 days until the solution has completely dried, after which it is possible to produce a test furnace of the furnace starting with a small amount of firewood.
How can I color the stove
It is clear that the first time a newly-made master will not be able to lay down a beautiful stove due to a lack of experience. But this thing is fixable, because from the outside you can make the facing of a brick wall with the help of painting. Previously, they were plastered and covered with two layers of whitewash from chalk or lime, but now there are simpler and more convenient means. In addition, lime is easily transferred to clothing when accidentally touched and constantly needs to be updated.
If we talk about how to paint a brick oven, then there are such options:
- organosilicon heat-resistant enamel brand KO, designed for high temperature;
- silicate or acrylic paints;
- heat-resistant varnish (for example, PF-238) mixed with dye.
The most preferred option is the transparent enamel KO-85, KO-174 and KO-813. It is suitable both for the furnace itself and for painting metal parts, since it can withstand temperatures up to 600 ° C. Silicate and acrylic paints will last not so long, but they are also cheaper.You can also paint the oven with PF-238 transparent varnish or mix it with gouache of the desired color, as shown above in the photo.
In any case, the coating is applied 2 times, the second layer is applied after the first has dried. Used tool - brush and roller. Preliminary, it is desirable to treat the surface with a special primer designed specifically for such purposes.
Conclusion
Of course, to uncover deeply all the nuances of the complex furnace business within the framework of one article is unrealistic, we have described only the main points. To successfully lay down his first brick stove, a beginner homemaker should study the relevant literature, practice in the masonry. The preparatory stage is no less important - you should choose the right materials, prepare tools and accessories.